not work, and if the household head is not healthy. Means testing of household income is more stringent in urban areas …

the China Household Income Project surveys covering the same 14 provinces from 1988 to 2018 are used. We find that the … income than other categories of households. Based on estimates of income functions, we conclude that the income premium from …

living in a household with a disposable income lower than a poverty line that represents a constant purchasing power all … years, as well as poverty lines defined as 60 percent of contemporary median income. Clear reductions of poverty from 1925 …

Since the second half of the 1990s economic restructuring in urban China has led to widespread joblessness and income …

Harmonised microdata show a Gini coefficient for per capita total income of 45.3 percent in China 2002 and 33.6 percent … in Russia 2003. A much larger urban to rural income gap in combination with a much smaller proportion of people living in …-equalising income source in China than in Russia. While Russian public transfers reduce income inequality, Chinese public transfers …