For a long time, abundant natural resources brought Iceland a high and volatile real exchange rate with adverse effects on manufacturing and services. During 2003-2008, another national treasure, the sovereign's AAA rating, was used by privatized banks to attract foreign capital, elevating the...

We assess the sustainability of fiscal policy in the EU-28 countries over the 1980-2015 years. Panel unit root tests in presence of cross-sectional dependence show that government revenues, expenditures, the primary balance, and debt are non-stationary series. However, cointegration tests reveal...

We investigate the sustainability of fiscal policy in a set of 19 European Monetary Union (EMU) countries over the period 1970-2016. Panel unit root tests in the presence of cross-section dependence show that the government debt series is stationary, indicating that the solvency condition would...