balances, the common monetary policy may not be optimal for all of them. Euro area imbalances for potential output and for …

This paper studies the reaction of the mean and volatility of the euro-dollar exchange rate to statements of ECB … officials during the first years of EMU. We focus on statements on monetary policy and the (potential) strength of the euro. We …. In some cases there are effects of statements on the level of the euro-dollar rate. Efforts to talk up the euro have not …

Using the measures proposed by Mink et al. (2012), we reexamine the coherence of business cycles in the euro area using … business cycle coherence did not increase monotonically. The COVID-19 pandemic made that the signs of the output gaps of euro …