information on a firm's credit demand, we develop a direct measurement for access to credit and provide for the first time an … empirical evaluation of these methods. We find that information on the usage of credit is not sufficient to identify financially …

information on a firmś credit demand, we develop a direct measurement for access to credit and provide for the first time an … empirical evaluation of these methods. We find that information on the usage of credit is not sufficient to identify financially … for future survey design. -- access to finance ; usage of finance ; credit demand, perceived access to finance …

We show that firms' credit market experience determines their perception of aggregate bank lending policy using panel …

We study how firms' individual credit market experience influences their beliefs about the bank lending policy, using … conditions worse than anticipated. Exploiting the panel structure shows that firms without recent credit market experience are …

Credit markets in many Eastern European countries are now dominated by foreign-owned banks. We analyze the development …. However, since market entry through acquisition allows acquiring a credit portfolio and a customer base, acquired banks were …