We investigate the features of optimal environmental policies composed of pollution standards and costly inspection processes, where fines for exceeding the standards depend both on the degree of transgression and the environmental technology that the firm uses to reduce the social impact of its...

Under quadratic transportation costs, the existence of the sequential first-locate-thenprice equilibrium in spatial competition is well known in the literature. In this paper, we find that the equilibrium may fail to exist under certain restrictions with respect to the location of firms and...

Concavity of transportation costs has been rarely considered in the linear model of product differentiation, although it seems a reasonable assumption in many contexts. In this paper, we extend the results by Gabszewicz and Thisse (1986) about the existence of the sequential...