-producing districts of Britain during the U.S. Civil War, and the coal boom in Appalachian counties of the U.S. that followed the OPEC oil … adjusting for migration, we find that mortality increased during the cotton recession, but was largely unaffected by the coal …

approach to data from British cities for 1851-1911. I show that local industrial coal use substantially reduced long-run city … employment growth over this period. Moreover, a counterfactual analysis suggests that plausible improvements in coal use …

this relationship in 1900. Growing industrial coal use from 1851-1900 reduced life expectancy by at least 0.57 years. A …