Using Barney's (2018) stakeholder perspective of resource-based theory (SRBT), we arguethat bondholders represent the ultimate fixed claimants who value corporate socialresponsibility (CSR) in relation to the firms' risk. Bondholders' returns and the stakeholders'interests are aligned when firms...

A growing group of institutional investors use divestment strategically to deter misconducts that are harmful for the climate and society. Based on Kantian ethics, we propose that divestment represents investors' universal and absolute moral commitment to socially responsible investing (SRI)....