We analyze the impact of different organizational structures on incentives to invest in railways: vertical integration, vertical separation, and a hybrid form. Economic theory predicts that vertical integration fosters socially optimal investment, whereas, due to potential hold-up problems, both...

In this paper we present an efficiency analysis of bus transport companies in Germany. It is focused on the calculation of scale efficiencies in order to identify possible economies of sca-le in the German bus transport market. For this purpose, we apply data envelopment analy-sis (DEA). As DEA...

This paper quantifies the technical efficiency of German bus companies and elaborates on the main factors influencing their performance. Efficiency is measured with a stochastic production frontier. We test for the impact on efficiency of ownership structure and participation at tendering....