-wide institutional quality (corruption) on various bank activities: (i) the ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans; (ii) the capital … sectors, corruption can proxy for a number of exogenous influences, including institutional quality and riskiness in a country … these countries. Corruption also increases the chances of apprehending innocent people. Furthermore, bad institutional …

The paper investigates whether and how a state's local corruption environment affects firms' financing costs. We find … that firms in high-corruption states are associated with significantly higher loan spreads and tighter loan covenants. We …. Moreover, the passage of whistle-blowing laws, in the name of anti-corruption, increases firms' bank loan costs and amplifies …

This paper documents the financial and institutional developments of China during the past two decades, when China was … examine the relationship between financial development and economic growth in China by employing a panel sample covering 31 … markets, institutions, and instruments have been robustly associated with economic growth in China. – institutions ; growth …