This study provides an assessment of the R&D–patent relation of European pharmaceutical firms that are not flawed by endogeneity biases. Firms invest in R&D and generate latent knowledge which then manifests in observable patent outcomes through a Poisson model. The process of turning R&D into...

Providing insight into both consumer behaviour and market dynamics, information about the price elasticity of demand enables companies to optimise pricing strategies and improve their overall competitiveness. As prices and quantities are determined jointly, the empirical evaluation of price...