Are economic, social and social, and cultural rights actually taken into account when arbitration or adjudicating bodies (panels or tribunals) seek to solve disputes arising under international economic law (IEL)? The term ‘human rights' is seldom applied in the substantive provisions of trade...

The chapter explores the relationships between three fields of law: intellectual property rights, the right to food and farmers’ rights. While acknowledging that the World Trade Organization’s 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) sets high standards...

The original mandate of the UN Special Representative on business and human rights said that he should 'develop materials and methodologies for undertaking human rights impact assessments.' Since then, tools for human rights impact assessment (HRIA) have developed by different actors. This...

Concerns have been expressed over the role of WIPO in influencing the intellectual property policies of other specialized agencies of the United Nations. This article reviews the policies of FAO, WHO and UNESCO, in addition to WIPO itself, and finds very interesting patterns of cooperation....

Despite an enhanced emphasis on the human right to adequate food in the last decade, this has not had a measurable effect on the number of undernourished persons around the world. Rather, the number of hungry persons has increased from 800 million in 1996 (the year of the World Food Summit) to...

The book consists of eleven chapters: Part I: Introducing a human rights framework and clarifying human rights provisions Chapter 1: The Context, Including Basic Approaches or Understanding Human Rights Chapter 2: The Right to Benefit from Scientific Progress and its Applications Chapter 3: The...

Based on Western Sahara's status as a non-self-governing territory and the rights of peoples in such territories over their natural resources, the article analyzes the Norwegian policy on Norwegian business enterprises relating to Western Sahara. In addition to relevant treaties and resolutions,...

The Chapter starts from the premise that in international human rights law there has traditionally been little emphasis on principles, but that there is a rapid increase in referring to the term principles. The Chapter seeks to identify the content of, general idea behind and purpose of human...

The article reviews trends in international non-binding standards:1) the equalisation of indigenous peoples and local communities as rights-holders;2) the strength and weakness of the safeguards approach in the context of redd+;3) the wide definition of who constitutes stakeholders; and 4) the...