year. In Russia, the costs of the conflict are estimated to be in the tune of 1% of GDP in 2014-2016, primarily on account … are five industries where the share of Russia in total exports exceeds 3%: textiles, pharmaceuticals, electrical equipment …, machinery and transport equipment. On the assumption of a 10% loss in exports of goods and services to Russia, the estimated GDP …

can claim to be among the pioneer foreign investors in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakstan and Belarus. The international financial … crisis has from September 2008 demonstrated Russia?s structural vulnerability. The comprehensive countermeasures by the … contributed strongly to an improvement of Russia?s general credit-worthiness and to a growth in foreign reserves. During the 1990s …