We examine self-esteem and justice orientation as individual difference factors that moderate the relationship between individual-level and group-level justice and potential employee reactions. Two studies were conducted using scenarios in which levels of individual-level and group-level justice...

To achieve a truly fair way of managing people in organizations and increase organizational competitiveness, designing procedures and structures of human resource management systems appropriately is not sufficient. What are needed in advance are top management's moral or ethical aspirations for...