This study examines the relevance of modified audit opinions (MAO) in private debt contracting. We use the auditor's explanatory language to partition MAOs into Inconsistency opinions, resulting from an accounting change or a restatement; and Inadequacy opinions, arising from a material...

We examine how information disclosures from private firms affect analysts’ public firm earnings forecasts. On one hand, private firm disclosures allow analysts to better understand industry-wide business conditions, enabling them to forecast the peer public firm earnings more accurately. On...