Previous studies usually use child gender-related variables as instruments for fertility choices in households. However if the child gender directly affect the outcome variable other than changing the number of children, the exclusion restriction will be violated. We propose a new...

This chapter reviews the growing literature on the child quantity–quality (QQ) trade-off. During the transition from the traditional agricultural economy to modern economic growth, household real income increases, fertility decreases, and human capital investment per child increases. Motivated...

This paper analyzes the impact of paid family leave (PFL) policies in California, New Jersey, and New York on the labor market and mental health outcomes of individuals whose spouses or children experience health shocks. We use data from the 1996-2019 restricted-use version of the Medical...

Testing the tradeoff between child quantity and quality within a family is complicated by the endogeneity of family size. Using data from the Chinese Population Census, this paper examines the effect of family size on child educational attainment in China. We find a negative correlation between...

We study the effects of sons versus daughters on parental joint time allocation between thelabor market and the household. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Surveyfrom 1989 to 2006, we apply a fixed-effects model to control for cross-household hetero-geneity in son preference. We...