education characteristic of the pre-reform era has given rise to substantial inequality in access to higher levels of education …. China's growth will be fostered by expanding access to all levels of education, reducing impediments to labor mobility, and …

education characteristic of the pre-reform era has given rise to substantial inequality in access to higher levels of education …. China's growth will be fostered by expanding access to all levels of education, reducing impediments to labor mobility, and …

because of disincentives to acquire education arising from the redistributional policies that increase income mobility. …

Empirical studies in the economics of education, the measurement of skill gaps across demographic groups, and the … of test scores in research on education and on skill formation. We compare different measures of skill and ability and …

responses to education and find evidence for substantial heterogeneity in unobserved variables on which agents make choices. The … estimated treatment effects of education are decomposed into the direct benefits of attaining a given level of schooling and … estimated treatment effects. While the estimated causal effects of education are substantial for most outcomes, we also estimate …

This paper estimates returns to education using a dynamic model of educational choice that synthesizes approaches in … differentials. For some, there are substantial causal effects of education at all stages of schooling. …