When we control for worker characteristics, we are able to directly test theories of efficiency wages and fairness. We find that high-quality workers continue to be associated with good outcomes. High-wage strategies are also associated with better won-lost performance and higher attendance...

The issue of compatibility of athletics and academics has led to much concern over the observed disparity in graduation rates of scholarship athletes across institutions. It is ironic that no one mentions that graduation rates for nonathletes also vary dramatically across campuses. Our approach...

In this paper we analyze data for each Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) school on academic characteristics, athletic characteristics, and graduation rates. Three groups of athletes are studied: male football players, male basketball players, and female basketball...

In this article, we analyze the impact of uncertainty on the hiring process. We show the connection between models of statistical discrimination where uncertainty can work against groups that have less reliable indicators of future productivity and models of option value where uncertainty about...