In October 1910 a revolution drove out the king of Portugal and established the Portuguese Republic. In 1926 a military coup overthrew the parliamentary system and led to the authoritarian regime of Salazar, but in April 1974 a revolution led by the military restored the parliamentary republic....

To develop the concept of a republic in 1910 when the Portuguese revolution of 1910 replaced the constitutional monarchy with its republic, the paper traces the central experiences of a republic in the modern Western world before that date. The images of the Ancient republics were in the minds...