Performativity is grounded in a particular kind of social mechanisms that involve semiotic causation. I combine three different literatures, on performativity, on constitutive explanations in the social sciences, and on Peircian semiotics into a conceptual and methodological framework that can...

There is ample evidence for a “democracy premium”. Laws that have been implemented via election lead to a more cooperative behavior compared to a top-down approach. This has been observed using field data and laboratory experiments. We present evidence from Chinese students and workers who...