exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium may be unstable in … international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … equilibrium if all countries are democracies. Three key findings emerge. First, the perpetual peace equilibrium hypothesized by …

exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium may be unstable in … international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … equilibrium if all countries are democracies. Three key findings emerge. First, the perpetual peace equilibrium hypothesized by …

foster the perpetual peace hypothesized by Immanuel Kant and whether the world would necessarily become more peaceful as more … their position-- with some probability. An equilibrium with positive war frequency is sustained even if all nations were to … adopt representative democratic institutions and even in the absence of an appropriative motive for war …

exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium with positive war … international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … equilibrium if all countries are democracies. Three key findings emerge. First, the perpetual peace equilibrium hypothesized by …

War, whether external or internal, large or small, is a costly endeavor. Loss of life, loss of close friends or family …, and the destruction of material possessions all play a part in the costs of war. The purpose of this paper is to capture …