international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … Immanuel Kant (1795, 1991) always exists. The reason is that in the absence of the threat of war, leaders are unable to divert … exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium may be unstable in …

War, whether external or internal, large or small, is a costly endeavor. Loss of life, loss of close friends or family …, and the destruction of material possessions all play a part in the costs of war. The purpose of this paper is to capture …

costs of going to war in Iraq as compared to the costs of containment; the economic effects of the Rwandan genocide at a …Guns and Butter examines the causes and consequences of war from a political economy perspective, taking as its premise … offers deeper insights into war and peace choices than the standard state-centric approach. Their contributions offer both …