The economic difficulties manifest in communist countries have encouraged a desire in many of them to move toward a market economy. This paper surveys specific reasons for the breakdown of centrally planned economies and discusses the difficulties of making the transition to a market economy. A...

British monetary experience in the nineteenth century was extremely rich both in terms of the development of the quantity theory and in terms of the evolution of views of the role of the Bank of England in the international gold standard. One can ask, should or could the early Federal Reserve...