The diversity of a set can be defined as a function of the bilateral distances between the elements of the set. We show how the bilateral distances between products can be presented by parameters in a utility function.

A firm may be an outlier either in terms of the mix of scale of its input-output vector. This paper develops separate mix and scale outlier measures. The mix measure is particularly relevant to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) since it will identify the firms thart exert influence on the...

This paper establishes the theoretically appropriate definition and treatment of capital gains and depletion. Failure to distinguish capital gains on natural assets from depletion causes NNP to me mismeasured. For resource rich countries this can lead to large spurious fluctuations in NNP. In...

This paper shows that any method for constructing a poice index has an underlying spanning tree. Using this insight, the debate over the relative merits of fixed base and chained price indices reduces to a debate over two alternative spanning trees.