. These uncertainties include future economic and load growths, fuel prices, environmental regulations, economic regulations …. Four sets of uncertainties are considered in these analyses: economic growth, fuel prices, the costs to build new power …

. These uncertainties include future economic and load growths, fuel prices, environmental regulations, economic regulations …. Four sets of uncertainties are considered in these analyses: economic growth, fuel prices, the costs to build new power …

system operator under cost-based prices. This computer model demonstrated the likely complexity of markets for energy and … interactive, the costs and therefore the prices of these services will vary considerably as functions of system load and the …

-cost prices, competitive prices for ancillary services would vary with system loads and spot prices for energy. …

choose to face real-time (spot) prices and will respond to the occasionally very high prices by reducing electricity use at … volatile energy prices; (2) lower electricity costs and prices; and (3) a generation mix with more baseload, and less peaking …, including fuel prices, initial mix of generation capacity, and customer response to electricity prices (load shapes and system …

prices for two geographical regions for a single year. Bulk-power trading is allowed between the two regions and market … clearing prices are determined based on marginal costs. The authors used this model, ORCED, to evaluate the market price of … regulators in the Northwest, generation prices would increase 1.1 {cents}/kWh on average, from 1.91 {cents}/kWh for the regulated …