Following the onset of the financial crisis in September 2008 and the subsequent “Great Trade Collapse” (Baldwin 2009 …), many countries actively used trade policy instruments as part of their response to the global recession. Governments … pursued a mix of trade liberalization, trade promotion, and trade restrictions. The choice of trade policy has varied, with …

In the past, international economists have ignored trade in services, but technological progress and international … trade negotiations are likely to keep liberalization of trade in services a high-profile policy issue.Until recently, trade …, services trade had climbed to a 20-percent share of global trade - no doubt an underestimate, as the most dynamic component of …

This paper surveys the literature on trade in services, focusing on the policies that are used to restrict such trade …. It argues that technological progress and international trade negotiations are likely to keep liberalization of trade in … the welfare costs of protectionism in the service sector. This will require the quantification of barriers to the …

The Doha Round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations has been ongoing for 10 years, and given political … placed on gains through market access alone. The Doha Round is about much more than market access. Concluding the talks … arguably requires greater recognition of the value of trade policy disciplines that will be part of any agreement. The WTO is …

The last Chapter explores the role of Aid for Trade (AfT) in enabling LDCs to utilize the opportunities from the … increased preferential market access and integrate more effectively into the global economy. …

countries, trade preferences have proven a stumbling block to developing country support for multilateral liberalization. We …

identifies four options to enhance the effectiveness of the multilateral aid for trade initiative: (i) expanding market access …The current postcrisis environment—and fragile economic recovery—increases the importance of aid for trade. Global … identify good practices in domestic regulation of service markets and other “behind-the-border” trade-related policies; (iii …

done independently of the WTO. Given the mercantilist basis of multilateral trade negotiations, the WTO is less likely to … abolition of border measures. Priority should therefore be given to pursuit of the traditional market access focus of the WTO …—further reduction in direct barriers to trade in goods and services. …

Extensive research has demonstrated the existence of large potential welfare gains from measures to facilitate trade … - reduce trade costs - for African countries in particular. However, concerns have been expressed by policymakers regarding the … distribution of the benefits and costs of trade facilitation. We use firm-level data for a large number of developing countries, in …