Country size matters in determining the effectiveness of domestic and foreign competition on pricing behavior in manufacturing. Removing barriers to entry of new firms reduces markups more in large countries, while removing barriers to imports reduces markups more in small countries

This paper presents new high-frequency data on trade policy changes targeting medical and food products since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, documenting how countries used trade policy instruments in response to the health crisis on a week-by-week basis. The data set reveals a rapid...