We explain the mechanisms through which government impacts the internationalization of emerging-market enterprises (EMEs). Rather than merely viewing internationalization as the result of differences in resource positions, we demonstrate that an important source of variation is the idiosyncratic...

This study examines the forces driving outward FDI of emerging-market firms. Its contribution lies in integrating and testing insights from institutional theory, industrial organization economics and the resource-based view of the firm. This approach enables us to consider three different levels...