We re-examine the efficiency of observable and unobservable crime protection decisions with new results and insights. Observable protection is unambiguously associated with a negative externality. At the individual level, it reduces the crime effort, but its unit payoff remains unchanged....

We analyze property crime in an endowment economy composed of a large number of heterogeneous individuals who need to protect themselves, choose whether to participate in crime or not, and decide on how to allocate their predation efforts across victims. The equilibrium posits perfect foresight...

We analyse property crime in an economy composed of a large number of heterogeneous individuals who need to protect themselves. The crime equilibrium is modeled as a free-access equilibrium in which the match between criminals and victims equates the average returns to crime. The supply and...

We revisit the question of the efficiency of individual decisions to be protected against crime for the cases of both observable and unobservable protection. We obtain that observable protection is unambiguously associated with a negative externality and that at the individual level, it has a...

We propose a market-for-offenses model of property crime, which explicitly accounts for protection expenditures among heterogeneous individuals. The crime equilibrium is modeled as a free-access equilibrium in which the match between criminals and victims equates the average returns to crime. We...