, Canada and the USA have produced mixed results on the labour outcomes of immigrants who are former international students … among three groups of young university graduates: immigrants who are former international students in Canada (Canadian …-educated immigrants), foreign-educated immigrants who had a university degree before immigrating to Canada and the Canadian …

immigrants is based on the experiences of those individuals whose immigrant parents came to Canada before the 1970s. Since then … in Canada at age 12 or younger during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s had increasingly higher educational attainment (as …