We study the endogenous participation problem when bidders are characterized by a twodimensional private information on valuations and participation costs in first-price auctions. Bidders participate whenever their private costs are less than or equal to the expected revenue from participating....

McAfee and McMillan (1992) investigate the coordinated biding strategies in a strong cartel, in which the cartel members can exclude new entrants and can make transfer payments, and show that the strong cartel mechanism is incentive-compatible and efficient. In this paper however, we show the...