This paper discusses the implementation of embodied international technology spillovers in the GTAP model.We specify a transmission mechanism for technical knowledge that assumes that knowledge is embodied in traded commodities. The usability of knowledge in the receiving country is dependent on...

We explore the impact of multilateral liberalization, with emphasis on distributional effects across countries. We first develop a realistic ‘baseline’ that takes into account events such as the entry of China into the WTO and the enlargement of the EU, allowing us to focus on those effects...

China has made a major investment in biotechnology research. Genetically modified (GM) cotton is widely adopted and the list of GM technologies in trials is impressive. At the same time there is an active debate on when China should commercialize its GM food crops. The overall goal of this paper...