This paper focuses on an analytic approach that has received relatively sparse application in the economics/finance literature: simulation. Providing a laboratory-type environment, simulation can generate data that enable a com- plex environment to be assessed in a tractable manner that might...

Strengthening competition in the equity markets has long been a major public policy objective. This paper turns to another important determinant of market quality, one that has received relatively little attention in the public policy debates: order integration — the way in which orders are...

We present resiliency as a measure of liquidity, and assess its relationship to expected returns. We establish a covariance-based measure, RES, that captures opening period resiliency and, using it, find a significant non-resiliency premium that ranges from 33 to 57 basis points per month. The...