In a globalized knowledge-economy, the European Union (EU) needs a new approach to its international science and technology (S&T) policies by focusing on improved coherence across the different tiers of government and by demonstrating leadership in tackling serious global challenges. The...

We revisit the "paradox of openness" in the literature which consists of two conflicting views on the link between patenting and open innovation — the spillover prevention and the organizational openness views. We use the data from the Survey of Innovation and Patent Use and the Community...