Providing bank notes is one of the Bank of Canada’s core functions. The Bank is therefore interested in whether cash is adequately distributed across society, and this also influences the Bank’s thinking on issuing a central bank digital currency. We provide a perspective on these issues by...

The efficient distribution of bank notes is a first-order responsibility of central banks. We study the distribution patterns of bank notes with an administrative dataset from the Bank of Canada's Currency Information Management Strategy. The single note inspection procedure generates a sample...

Cash is the preferred method of payment for small value transactions generally less than $25. We provide insight to this finding with a new theoretical model that characterizes and compares consumers' costs of paying with cash to paying with cards for each transaction. Our novel method accounts...

Cash is the preferred method of payment for small value transactions generally less than $25. We provide insight to this finding with a new theoretical model that characterizes and compares consumers' costs of paying with cash to paying with cards for each transaction. Our novel method accounts...

The market for payments is an important two-sided one, where consumers benefit from increased merchant acceptance of payment cards and vice versa. The dependence between the decisions that are made on each side of the market results in various network externalities that are often discussed but...

Providing bank notes is one of the Bank of Canada's core functions. The Bank is therefore interested in whether cash is adequately distributed across society, and this also influences the Bank's thinking on issuing a central bank digital currency. We provide a perspective on these issues by...

In recent years, there have been rapid technological innovations in retail payments. Such dramatic changes in the economics of payment systems have led to questions regarding whether there is consumer demand for cash. The entry of these new products and services has resulted in significant...

The efficient distribution of bank notes is a first-order responsibility of central banks. We study the distribution patterns of bank notes with an administrative dataset from the Bank of Canada's Currency Information Management Strategy. The single note inspection procedure generates a sample...

Chen et al. (2021) show that almost one-third of First Nations band offices in Canada are within 1 kilometre (km) of an automated banking machine (ABM) or financial institution (FI) branch and more than half are within 5 km. Further, over three-quarters of band offices are within 20 km of an ABM...

The market for payments is an important two-sided one, where consumers benefit from increased merchant acceptance of payment cards and vice versa. The dependence between the decisions that are made on each side of the market results in various network externalities that are often discussed but...