The objective of this paper is to provide evidence on the effects of an economic and political union by studying the trade flows of the three Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania after the breakup of the Soviet Union. We specify and estimate a gravity model of exports for the Nordic...

The joint behavior of investment and the current account is derived as a triangular simultaneous equations model. To estimate this model for the G7 countries, we propose a full-information GLS estimator for panel data that extends Zellner-Theil three-stage least squares estimator and allows for...

This paper considers how the structure of an open economy determines its flexibility in responding to external shocks. Inter- and intrasectoral reallocation of both expenditures and factors of production are shown to mitigate the consequences of a severe terms-of-trade shock. We demonstrate that...