Despite their magnitude and potential economic impact, federal R&D expenditures outside of research universities have been little scrutinized by economists. This paper examines whether the series of initiatives since 1980 that have sought to encourage the patenting and technology transfer at the...

Despite their magnitude and potential economic impact, federal R&D expenditures outside of research universities have been little scrutinized by economists. This paper examines whether the series of initiatives since 1980 that have sought to encourage the patenting and technology transfer at the...

The rapid pace of technological change brings with it an active debate about appropriate economic policies regarding research, innovation, and the commercialization of new technology. This annual series, sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research, provides a forum to bring the work of...