regulation. A recurrent concern is the effect of environmental factors that are beyond the influence of firms (observable …

diversity into account in incentive regulation and efficiency benchmarking of utilities. …

Efficiency and productivity analysis is a central concept in incentive-based regulation of network utilities. However … adjustment of capital stock or production capacity, is problematic under incentive regulation with ex-post regulatory treatment …

the potential for cost efficiency improvement in the networks through incentive regulation aided by benchmarking and … between investments and cost efficiency in the context of incentive regulation with ex-post regulatory treatment of … impact efficiency” as a revenue-neutral efficiency effect of investment under incentive regulation which makes a firm …