Multipliers measure the derivatives of endogenous variables with respect to exogenous shocks and are functions of the structural parameters of an economic model. Substitution of the structural parameter estimates yields a so-called derived estimate for a multiplier or any reduced-form parameter....

The construction of input-output coefficients on the basis of flow data is complicated by the presence of secondary outputs. Seven methods to deal with this problem coexist. For example, U.S. input-output requirement tables are based on the so-called industry technology model; Japan adopts the...