The construction of input-output coefficients on the basis of flow data is complicated by the presence of secondary outputs. Seven methods to deal with this problem coexist. For example, U.S. input-output requirement tables are based on the so-called industry technology model; Japan adopts the...

Multipliers measure the derivatives of endogenous variables with respect to exogenous shocks and are functions of the structural parameters of an economic model. Substitution of the structural parameter estimates yields a so-called derived estimate for a multiplier or any reduced-form parameter....