Cross-national differences in outcomes are often analysed using regression analysis of multilevel country datasets, examples of which include the ECHP, ESS, EU-SILC, EVS, ISSP, and SHARE. We review the regression methods applicable to this data structure, pointing out problems with the...

Cross-national differences in outcomes are often analysed using regression analysis of multilevel country datasets, examples of which include the ECHP, ESS, EU-SILC, EVS, ISSP, and SHARE. We review the regression methods applicable to this data structure, pointing out problems with the...

Cross-national differences in outcomes are often analysed using regression analysis of multilevel country datasets, examples of which include the ECHP, ESS, EU-SILC, EVS, ISSP, and SHARE. We review the regression methods applicable to this data structure, pointing out problems with the...

Cross-national differences in outcomes are often analysed using regression analysis of multilevel country datasets, examples of which include the ECHP, ESS, EU-SILC, EVS, ISSP, and SHARE. We review the regression methods applicable to this data structure, pointing out problems with the...

Trends in real national income are typically assessed using aggregate indicators such as GDP per capita, or mean household income, whereas the income distribution literature focuses on trends in income inequality. By contrast this paper takes an integrated approach to real national income...

This paper is about income and poverty dynamics and their socioeconomic correlates. The first half of the paper aims to establish some of the salient facts for Britain, applying the pioneering methods of Bane and Ellwood (1986). Important for poverty dynamics are changes in labour earnings from...

This paper proposes, using kernal density estimation methods, to investigate the shrinking middle class hypothesis. The approach reveals striking new evidence of changes in the concentration of middle incomes in the U.K. during the 1980s. Breakdowns by family economic status demonstrate that a...

The UK income distribution changed its shape dramatically during the 1980s. This paper documents the trends and summarises research about their causes. It also comments on research methodologies and data sets and points to future research directions. The paper concludes by considering what...

This paper reviews trends over the last three decades in the personal distribution of income in the UK. The first section of the paper documents the trends from a number of different perspectives (inequality, poverty and real income growth). Later sections explore the causes of the large...