We are delighted that our article prompted Denk to pursue the issues discussed in his comment. We will explain briefly the reasons for our belief that the diffusion models he discusses cannot be meaningfully applied to the data that were available to us. We also wish to amplify our intended...

This paper charts the transformation of the employment relation-ship in different industries during the second quarter of this century and is based on a representative sampling of U.S. business organizations. The first section documents changes in the control systems that prevailed in U.S....

This paper examines historical differences in personnel practices among U.S. industries to explore the roots of modern "bureaucratic" work control. We report multivariate analyses of data describing organizational personnel practices, collected by the National Industrial Conference Board between...