We consider a supply chain comprising a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer supplies a product to the retailer, while the retailer sells the product bundled with after-sales service to consumers in a fully competitive market. The sales volume is affected by the retailer’s...

A supply chain should be treated not just as a supply chain but also as a complex adaptive supply network (CASN). However, the literature on supply chain management has given little attention to the evolutionary complexity of the network structure and collaboration mechanism of CASNs. In this...