A two-dimensional Cellular Automata model is proposed to simulate the exit dynamics of occupant evacuation. Concerning the exit width and the door separation, we put forward some useful standpoints: (1) exit width should be bigger than a critical value, and the door separation should be neither...

Carbon emission trading is one of the broadly adopted methods to curb the amount of carbon emission. This paper examines the optimal decisions of retailers under cap-and-trade. We derive the optimal order lot size and retail price under cap-and-trade when the demand is an additive function or...

Many U.S. employers have recently adopted less generous prescription drug benefits. In addition, in 2006 the U.S. began to offer prescription drug insurance to approximately 42 million Medicare beneficiaries. We used data on individual health insurance claims and benefit data from 1997 to 2003...

The pedestrian movement is more complex than vehicular flow for the reason that people are more flexible and intelligent than cars. Without the limit of “lanes” pedestrian movement is loose and free. Furthermore, they are easily affected by other walkers as well as the environment around. In...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a new hybrid approach based on bibliometrics analysis (BA), morphology analysis (MA) and conjoint analysis (CA) to help identify new technology development opportunities. Design/methodology/approach – A new hybrid approach based on BA, MA and...