This paper investigates cooperation between air transport and high-speed rail (HSR), with the air sector reimbursing air-HSR transfer passengers for their HSR tickets while the rail sector sharing revenue with the air sector to compensate for the reimbursement. The air-HSR cooperation...

This paper analyzes the effects of cooperation between a hub-and-spoke airline and a high-speed rail (HSR) operator when the hub airport may be capacity-constrained. We find that such cooperation reduces traffic in markets where prior modal competition occurs, but may increase traffic in other...

This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze the congestion internalization of the shipping lines, taking into account the “knock on” effect (i.e. the congestion delay passed on from one port-of-call to the next port-of-call). We find that with the presence of the knock-on effect,...

While the existing literature has focused on the short-term impacts, this paper investigates the long-term impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) competition on airlines. An analytical model is developed to study how an airline may change its network and market coverage when facing HSR competition on...