Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric approach for measuring the relative efficiencies of peer decision making units (DMUs). In recent years, it has been widely used to evaluate two-stage systems under different organization mechanisms. This study modifies the conventional...

In most applications of DEA with internal structures in the literature, the models are designed to evaluate the performance of homogeneous Decision Making Units (DMUs). In many instances, however, DMUs operating in a similar technological environment may have different internal structures. In...