Although the role of managers is crucial in shaping firm innovation, it also poses a dilemma. Because innovation is a complicated and long-term process that requires effort and attention, managers may reduce effort in innovation when faced with high takeover threat. This study examines the...

Exploiting a novel data set in which the presence of a staggered board is identified through advanced machine learning algorithms and textual analysis, we explore how corporate carbon emissions are affected by staggered boards (or classified boards), which represent one of the most controversial...