This paper surveys the recent literature exploring the causes of urban pollution in the developing world and the … implications of such pollution for a city's competitiveness. Within a system of cities, cities compete for jobs and people. Those … pollution inhibit urban competitiveness? Second, why is this effect likely to grow in importance over time? Third, why have …

We know that the "average" person has experienced a decrease in air pollution levels over the past two decades, but we …, significantly reduced their exposure to pollutants? Are minorities paying the cost for these regulations as pollution …-intensive industries cut their workforce or move away? In California between 1980 and 1998, Hispanic pollution exposure fell sharply and …