This article explores the main features of outward foreign direct investment by Russian corporations and some of the implications of their recent rise to global prominence for the theories of international investment. Surprisingly, lower middle-income Russia is a net capital exporter, and some...

2008 was marked by major changes in the world economy: the international integration based on money and capital markets fell into a deep crisis. This article examines how foreign direct investment - together with international trade - can replace those money and capital markets in the role of...

This review presents some lessons learned about indirect foreign direct investment (FDI), mostly over the past decade. Indirect FDI denotes investment projects, in which the ultimate owner is different from the immediate investor. The review categorizes the literature of the 2010s and early...

Bulgaria's and Romania's transition from central planning to market economy has been long and difficult. The lateness of their transformation made their entry into the European Union possible only three years later (in 2007) than the other transition economy candidates for membership. The...

The strong worldwide contraction of foreign direct investment flows over the last two years is a symptom of short-term recession rather than a full-fledged crisis. Nevertheless, this recession is sharpening the international competition for foreign direct investment. Countries are applying...

In Central and Eastern Europe, outward foreign direct investment (FDI) has not yet become as a prominent factor in the regions reintegration into the world economy as trade liberalisation used to be in the early 1990s or inward foreign direct investment is currently. In the terminology of the...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is far from being a new phenomenon; its spectacular rise and dispersion are. Back in the 1970s and 1980s, there were researchers who already noted the presence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the need for economic theory to explain their activities (for...

This article reviews the main characteristics of both inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Baltic Sea region. Among other questions, it explores the extent to which intra-regional flows have gained in importance over recent years. It highlights that both inflows and outflows...