- better cushions the poverty effects of income shocks in a developing economy. We compare the effectiveness of the three … benefit schemes on poverty first conceptually and then by considering two different crisis scenarios, the COVID-19 pandemic … the proxy-means-tested benefits are the most effective in reducing the poverty gap index, a simple categorical benefit is …

program did partially compensate many losers from the crisis and reduced extreme poverty.This paper is a product of the … Poverty Team, Development Research Group. The work reported is part of the ex-post evaluation of the World Bank's Social …

partially compensate many losers from the crisis, and reduced extreme poverty …

compensate many losers from the crisis and reduced extreme poverty. …

compensate many losers from the crisis and reduced extreme poverty …

Standard measures of poverty may reveal nothing about whether the poorest of the poor are being lifted-up or left …