Should public investment be targeted to big cities or to small towns, if the objective is to minimize national poverty … income, migration cost and poverty line conditions under which a poverty gradient from rural to town to city will exist as an …

appreciating the role of secondary towns in rural-urban migration and poverty reduction. Secondary towns occupy a unique middle …. Secondary towns therefore have great potential as vehicles for inclusive growth and poverty reduction in urbanizing developing …

This is an overview of poverty and well-being in the first decade of post-apartheid South Africa. It is an introduction … households and individuals in post-apartheid South Africa. Second, while the outcomes on unemployment, poverty and inequality are … for rapid and sustained economic growth, without which poverty and well-being cannot be addressed in the long run, are …

This paper examines the measurement of social welfare, poverty and inequality taking into account reference … differences between standard poverty and inequality measures based on observed income and measures that are calculated based on …